Precise Measurement of Lunar Spectral Irradiance at Visible Wavelengths

Area of Science:

• Earth and Space Science
• Atmospheric Science
• Optical Remote Sensing

Background:

• Satellite-derived climate data records require stable calibration standards.
• Existing calibration methods face limitations in spectral coverage and accuracy.
• Lunar observations offer potential for calibration and atmospheric monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report highly accurate lunar spectral irradiance measurements.
• To assess the Moon's suitability as a calibration standard for satellite remote sensing.
• To explore lunar observations for atmospheric and aerosol monitoring.

Main Methods:

• Novel apparatus for spectral irradiance measurement.
• Measurement conducted from 420 nm to 1000 nm.
• Achieved uncertainty below 1%.

Main Results:

• Lunar spectral irradiance measured with sub-1% uncertainty.
• Continuous spectral coverage achieved, eliminating interpolation needs.
• Data quality meets requirements for climate data record stability.

Conclusions:

• The Moon can serve as a reliable calibration standard for satellite missions.
• Lunar observations can bridge satellite data gaps and validate algorithms.
• This technique provides atmospheric insights, aiding aerosol monitoring, especially during polar winters.