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Public Health Interventions for School Nursing Practice.

Marjorie A Schaffer1, Linda J W Anderson2, Shannon Rising2

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The Journal of School Nursing : the Official Publication of the National Association of School Nurses
|September 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

School nurses utilize public health interventions, even if unfamiliar with the Public Health Intervention Wheel (PHIW). Key interventions include screening, referral, case management, and health teaching, with usage varying by nurse and student demographics.

Keywords:
best practices/practice guidelinescollaboration/multidisciplinary teamscommunityhealth/wellnessquantitative researchrole promotion/developmentschool nurse knowledge/perceptions/self-efficacy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Nursing Education
  • School Health Services

Background:

  • School nurses (SNs) provide essential public health services to student populations.
  • The Public Health Intervention Wheel (PHIW) is a recognized framework for guiding public health nursing practice.
  • Understanding SNs' application of PHIW interventions is crucial for optimizing school health programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the awareness and utilization of the Public Health Intervention Wheel (PHIW) among school nurses.
  • To identify the specific public health interventions commonly performed by SNs.
  • To explore factors influencing the adoption of PHIW-aligned practices in school nursing.

Main Methods:

  • An electronic survey was distributed to members of the National Association of School Nurses.
  • The survey assessed familiarity with the PHIW and the frequency of performing specific interventions.
  • Data analysis examined the relationship between intervention use and demographic/professional characteristics.

Main Results:

  • A significant majority (67%) of surveyed SNs were not familiar with the PHIW.
  • Despite low familiarity, reported SN activities aligned with PHIW interventions.
  • Screening, referral and follow-up, case management, and health teaching were the most frequently reported interventions.
  • Intervention use demonstrated variability based on educational level, nurse's age, years of practice, and student population characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • The Public Health Intervention Wheel (PHIW) is a relevant and valuable framework for describing population-based school nursing.
  • SNs are actively engaged in public health interventions, even without explicit knowledge of the PHIW.
  • Further education on the PHIW can enhance SNs' ability to articulate and standardize their population-focused practice.