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Change in Protective Factors Across Adolescent Development.

B K Elizabeth Kim1, Sabrina Oesterle2, Richard F Catalano2

  • 1University of California, Berkeley, School of Social Welfare.

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Protective factors for healthy youth development generally decrease through middle school but increase in high school. Community prevention programs should begin early and continue throughout adolescence.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Developmental psychology
  • Community-based prevention science
  • Adolescent health

Background:

  • Understanding developmental trajectories of protective factors is crucial for effective youth interventions.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated the normative changes in protective factors during adolescence.
  • Community-based prevention strategies require knowledge of optimal timing and targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the normative developmental changes in protective factors from 5th to 12th grade.
  • To identify gender differences in the development of protective factors.
  • To investigate the impact of school transitions on protective factors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from a control sample of 2,002 individuals across 7 states.
  • Employed multilevel models to estimate changes in protective factors.
  • Analyzed data from the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS).

Main Results:

  • Most protective factors declined through middle school but began to increase in high school.
  • Females reported higher levels of protective factors than males.
  • The age at which protective factors began to increase did not differ by gender.

Conclusions:

  • Community initiatives to bolster protective factors should commence early and extend through high school.
  • Interventions should consider the developmental shifts in protective factors during adolescence.
  • Targeted support may be needed to sustain protective factors during middle school declines.