Training for brain tumour resection: a realistic model with easy accessibility

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Medical Education
• Biomaterials

Background:

• Resection of brain tumors necessitates proficiency in neuroanatomy and tissue manipulation.
• Current surgical training relies on observation and supervised practice, posing risks to patients.
• A simulated brain tumor model can enhance surgical skills and anatomical understanding in a controlled environment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a simple, realistic, and accessible in vitro sheep brain tumor model.
• To assess the model's utility for training neurosurgical residents in handling brain tissue and equipment.

Main Methods:

• Agar-agar solutions of varying concentrations were prepared and injected into fresh sheep brains.
• Highlighter ink was added to the agar-agar to simulate fluorescence.

Main Results:

• Agar-agar masses mimicked malignant brain tumors, with concentration affecting diffusion into surrounding tissue.
• Higher concentrations created well-defined masses resembling metastases; lower concentrations showed diffusion.
• Fluorescence induced by highlighter ink approximated 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence in gliomas.

Conclusions:

• The in vitro sheep brain model is practical, inexpensive, and anatomically realistic.
• It offers a valuable tool for neurosurgical residents to develop fundamental neuro-oncological skills.
• The model facilitates learning about cerebral tissue properties, haptic feedback, and instrument handling.