An updated review on gastro-esophageal reflux in pediatrics

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Gastroenterology
• Gastroenterology
• Digestive Health

Background:

• Gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) and GER disease (GERD) are common in infants and children.
• Established guidelines from European and North American Societies exist for diagnosis and management.
• GERD is defined as reflux causing troublesome symptoms or complications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current state of diagnosis and management for pediatric GER and GERD.
• To identify significant advancements since the 2009 guidelines.
• To emphasize appropriate management strategies for different pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing comprehensive guidelines for pediatric GER and GERD.
• Analysis of recent literature and innovations in diagnosis and treatment.
• Evaluation of the impact of new diagnostic tools like multichannel intraluminal impedance.

Main Results:

• No major novelties in drug treatment for GERD have emerged since 2009.
• Innovations are primarily focused on managing infant regurgitation.
• Multichannel intraluminal impedance has been discussed, but its clinical impact is still debated.
• Overall, the core principles of diagnosis and management for pediatric GER and GERD remain consistent.

Conclusions:

• Conservative management is recommended for uncomplicated physiologic reflux in infants.
• Children with GERD may require further evaluation and specific treatment.
• The diagnosis and management of GER and GERD in children have seen limited significant changes in recent years.