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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.8K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.8K
Types of Enols and Enolates01:19

Types of Enols and Enolates

3.9K
Aldehydes and ketones form enols, although only about 1% of the enol is present at the equilibrium for simple monocarbonyl compounds. The enol form is undetectable for acetaldehyde, present as only 1.5 × 10−4 % of acetone, and present as only 1.2% of cyclohexanone. Two kinds of regioisomeric enols are possible for unsymmetrical ketones, and their net composition is 1% at equilibrium. This instability is due to the lower bond energy of C=C than the C=O group. The additional...
3.9K
Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position01:04

Oscillations about an Equilibrium Position

7.2K
Stability is an important concept in oscillation. If an equilibrium point is stable, a slight disturbance of an object that is initially at the stable equilibrium point will cause the object to oscillate around that point. For an unstable equilibrium point, if the object is disturbed slightly, it will not return to the equilibrium point. There are three conditions for equilibrium points—stable, unstable, and half-stable. A half-stable equilibrium point is also unstable, but is named so...
7.2K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

54.2K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
54.2K
Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

25.5K
Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
25.5K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

967
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
967

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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

Published on: May 29, 2018

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Entropy-stabilized oxides.

Christina M Rost1, Edward Sachet1, Trent Borman1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.

Nature Communications
|September 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Configurational disorder in mixed oxides can be engineered to create novel, entropy-stabilized crystalline phases. This research demonstrates entropy drives reversible solid-state transformations, enabling new material discovery and property engineering.

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Last Updated: Apr 2, 2026

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Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Configurational disorder can be introduced into mixed oxides by incorporating multiple distinct cations into a single sublattice.
  • This approach can lead to novel, entropy-stabilized crystalline materials with unique cation incorporation.
  • Understanding the thermodynamic driving forces is crucial for discovering new material phases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that entropy predominates the thermodynamic landscape in a five-component oxide system.
  • To show entropy drives a reversible solid-state transformation between multiphase and single-phase states.
  • To validate configurational disorder as a strategy for discovering new crystalline phases and engineering material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Compositional engineering of mixed oxides with multiple distinct cations.
  • Rigorous experimental investigations.
  • Development and application of a simple thermodynamic model.
  • Analysis of cation distribution in the single-phase state.

Main Results:

  • A five-component oxide formulation was synthesized and studied.
  • Entropy was identified as the predominant factor in the thermodynamic landscape.
  • A reversible solid-state transformation between multiphase and single-phase states was observed.
  • Cation distributions in the single-phase state were found to be random and homogeneous.

Conclusions:

  • Deliberate configurational disorder is an effective strategy for discovering new crystalline phases.
  • Entropy-driven transformations are key to accessing these novel materials.
  • This approach offers untapped opportunities for materials property engineering.