Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Micturition Reflex01:26

The Micturition Reflex

3.6K
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
3.6K
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

4.4K
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
4.4K
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

2.7K
The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
2.7K
Parasympathetic Signaling01:30

Parasympathetic Signaling

4.1K
Parasympathetic signaling plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes. It involves the release of acetylcholine (ACh) by parasympathetic neurons, which can have localized and short-lived effects. The majority of ACh released is rapidly inactivated at the synapse by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which hydrolyzes Ach into choline and acetate. Additionally, the tissue cholinesterase deactivates any ACh diffusing into the surrounding tissues.
The effects of...
4.1K
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

69.4K
Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
69.4K
Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

2.8K
The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rectus sheath block for analgesia in open abdominal surgery: a systematic review, meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Minerva anestesiologica·2026
Same author

Off-label prescribing in ophthalmology: a retrospective analysis.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

HIgh versus STAndard blood Pressure target in hypertensive high-risk patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery: the HISTAP multicenter randomized clinical trial.

Intensive care medicine·2026
Same author

Prioritizing Discovery and Advancements in Arrhythmia Therapies: NIH/NHLBI Workshop.

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology·2026
Same author

Considerations for Using Atrial Fibrillation Burden as a Surrogate Endpoint A Report from the Cardiovascular Sciences Research Consortium.

American heart journal·2026
Same author

Influenza, pneumococcal, and herpes zoster vaccination in Italy: Knowledge, uptake, and determinants across the adult life course.

Vaccine·2026
Same journal

Urodynamics and what they reveal about autonomic innervation of the lower urinary tract: A narrative review.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical·2026
Same journal

Pelvic venous disorders and orthostatic intolerance: A systematic review of diagnostic associations and treatment outcomes.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical·2026
Same journal

Application of heart rate variability in clinical practice and research: A systematic review of recent years.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical·2026
Same journal

Spinal afferent endings in the gastrointestinal tract.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical·2026
Same journal

Gastric myoelectrical activity and autonomic dysfunction in children with IBD and IBS: An electrogastrographic and autonomic correlation study.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical·2026
Same journal

Acute isometric handgrip exercise enhances cardiac baroreflex sensitivity and lowers systolic blood pressure in chronic kidney disease.

Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

A Decentralized Ex Vivo Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling
06:36

A Decentralized Ex Vivo Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling

Published on: November 28, 2019

7.8K

Mucosal signaling in the bladder.

Toby C Chai1, Andrea Russo2, Shan Yu3

  • 1Department of Urology, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.

Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical
|October 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bladder mucosal signaling involves interactions between nerves and non-neuronal cells, potentially explaining hypersensory bladder disorders. Targeting this signaling offers a new therapeutic approach for conditions like overactive bladder.

Keywords:
BladderEfferentLamina propriaMucosaSensoryUrotheliumVenules and arterioles

More Related Videos

Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction
06:01

Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction

Published on: October 6, 2022

1.9K
Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology
10:26

Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology

Published on: August 18, 2014

27.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 1, 2026

A Decentralized Ex Vivo Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling
06:36

A Decentralized Ex Vivo Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling

Published on: November 28, 2019

7.8K
Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction
06:01

Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction

Published on: October 6, 2022

1.9K
Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology
10:26

Bladder Smooth Muscle Strip Contractility as a Method to Evaluate Lower Urinary Tract Pharmacology

Published on: August 18, 2014

27.0K

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The bladder mucosa consists of urothelium, lamina propria (LP), microvasculature, and smooth muscle.
  • Nerve fibers are present in the LP, mediating mucosal contractions and venule activity.
  • Myofibroblasts within the LP generate electrical activity influencing neural function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define bladder mucosal signaling as interactions between autonomic nerves and non-neuronal cells.
  • To explore the role of mucosal signaling in functional hypersensory bladder disorders.
  • To propose targeting aberrant mucosal signaling as a novel treatment strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Electrical field stimulation (EFS) to elicit mucosal contractions.
  • Measurement of afferent neural activity under mechanical and stretch stimuli.
  • Characterization of myofibroblast electrical activity and its modulation of neural activity.

Main Results:

  • Efferent nerves mediate mucosal and venule contractions.
  • Nerve fibers penetrate the urothelium, enabling cell-nerve interactions.
  • Myofibroblasts modulate both afferent and efferent neural activities.

Conclusions:

  • Bladder mucosal signaling involves complex neural and cellular interactions.
  • Aberrant mucosal signaling is implicated in poorly understood hypersensory bladder disorders.
  • Targeting mucosal signaling presents a promising avenue for treating conditions such as overactive bladder and bladder pain syndrome.