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Poor sleep and neurocognitive function in early adolescence.

Liisa Kuula1, Anu-Katriina Pesonen1, Silja Martikainen1

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Summary

Poor sleep quality in adolescents is linked to weaker executive function in girls but impacts boys

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Adolescent Development
  • Sleep Science

Background:

  • Limited evidence exists on the relationship between sleep patterns and neurocognitive function in adolescents.
  • Adolescent sleep is characterized by duration, efficiency, fragmentation, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and catch-up sleep.
  • Neurocognitive function encompasses intelligence, memory, and executive functions like attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between various sleep parameters and neurocognitive function in early adolescence.
  • To differentiate these associations based on sex (girls vs. boys).

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 354 adolescents (mean age 12.3 years) participated.
  • Sleep was objectively measured using accelerometers over an average of eight nights.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using standardized tests including WISC-III, NEPSY-2, WCST, CPT, and TMT.

Main Results:

  • In girls, higher WASO and fragmentation were linked to poorer executive functioning; longer catch-up sleep correlated with slower reaction times and better verbal intelligence.
  • In boys, shorter sleep duration, lower efficiency, higher WASO, increased fragmentation, and shorter catch-up sleep were associated with diminished executive functioning, including inattention.
  • Catch-up sleep on weekends showed inconsistent associations with neurocognitive outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Poorer sleep quality had a weak association with executive functioning in adolescent girls.
  • Poorer sleep quantity and quality were linked to an inattentive executive function pattern in adolescent boys.
  • The role of weekend catch-up sleep in adolescent neurocognition requires further investigation.