Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Gamete Collection and In Vitro Fertilization of Astyanax mexicanus
Published on: May 25, 2019
Vertebrate Reproduction
Sally Kornbluth1, Rafael Fissore2
1Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Abstract:
Vertebrate reproduction requires a myriad of precisely orchestrated events-in particular, the maternal production of oocytes, the paternal production of sperm, successful fertilization, and initiation of early embryonic cell divisions. These processes are governed by a host of signaling pathways. Protein kinase and phosphatase signaling pathways involving Mos, CDK1, RSK, and PP2A regulate meiosis during maturation of the oocyte. Steroid signals-specifically testosterone-regulate spermatogenesis, as does signaling by G-protein-coupled hormone receptors. Finally, calcium signaling is essential for both sperm motility and fertilization. Altogether, this signaling symphony ensures the production of viable offspring, offering a chance of genetic immortality.
Related Concept Videos
Asexual Reproduction
Energy Budgets
Seedless Vascular Plants
General Structure of a Vertebra
Whole Body Regeneration
Overview of the Reproductive System
The gonads, or primary reproductive organs, produce gametes and sex hormones. In males, the testes produce spermatozoa and testosterone, which is responsible for developing secondary male sex characteristics, including a deeper voice, larger muscles, facial and body...

