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Related Concept Videos

Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

4.5K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
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Basicity of Aliphatic Amines01:21

Basicity of Aliphatic Amines

7.2K
Amines can behave as Brønsted–Lowry bases by accepting a proton from the acid to form corresponding conjugate acids. Due to a lone pair of nonbonding electrons, aliphatic amines can also act as Lewis bases by forming a covalent bond with an electrophile.
To measure the basicity of amines, two conventions are generally used. The first defines Kb as the basicity constant for the deprotonation reaction of water by the amine, as presented in Figure 1. Conventionally, lower Kb indicates higher...
7.2K
Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:19

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

3.5K
Intermolecular forces dictate several physical properties such as boiling points, melting points, solubilities, and so forth. They are classified into four types: ionic forces, hydrogen bonds, dipole–dipole forces, and dispersion forces. Ionic forces are the strongest, while dispersion forces are the weakest.
Among the carboxylic acid derivatives, the boiling points of acid chlorides and esters are very similar and are the lowest in the series. Acid anhydrides have slightly higher boiling...
3.5K
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

53.6K
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
53.6K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

48.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
48.2K
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

7.1K
Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
7.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

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Thermophysical properties of two ammonium-based protic ionic liquids.

Arijit Bhattacharjee1, João A P Coutinho1, Mara G Freire1

  • 1CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.

Journal of Solution Chemistry
|October 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study presents new physical property data for two protic ionic liquids, including density and viscosity, across a range of temperatures. Findings reveal how anion aromaticity and cation structure influence these key properties.

Keywords:
DensityProtic ionic liquidsRefractive indexSurface tensionViscosity

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Ionic Liquids

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are versatile solvents with tunable properties.
  • Understanding the thermophysical properties of protic ionic liquids (PILs) is crucial for their application.
  • Limited experimental data exists for specific PILs, hindering their wider adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report novel experimental data for density, viscosity, refractive index, and surface tension of two PILs.
  • To investigate the influence of anion aromaticity and cation aliphatic tails on these properties.
  • To estimate derived thermophysical properties from temperature dependency.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental measurement of density, viscosity, refractive index, and surface tension.
  • Data collection across a temperature range of 288.15 K to 353.15 K at atmospheric pressure.
  • Calculation of derived properties like thermal expansion coefficient and critical temperature.

Main Results:

  • First-time reporting of key physical properties for 2-(dimethylamino)-N,N-dimethylethan-1-ammonium acetate and N-ethyl-N,N-dimethylammonium phenylacetate.
  • Demonstrated correlation between anion structure (aromaticity) and cation structure (aliphatic tails) with measured properties.
  • Successful estimation of temperature-dependent derived properties.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides essential physical property data for two specific protic ionic liquids.
  • Anion aromaticity and cation aliphatic tails significantly impact the thermophysical behavior of these PILs.
  • The generated data will aid in the design and application of these ionic liquids in various fields.