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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins
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Simplified Reverse Genetics Method to Recover Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Reporter Proteins

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[Rotaviruses].

Satoshi Komoto1, Koki Taniguchi

  • 1Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine.

Uirusu
|October 7, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rotavirus, a leading cause of severe infant gastroenteritis, is a virus with an 11-segment double-stranded RNA genome. This review covers fundamental rotavirology and recent research advancements.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Rotavirus identified in 1973 as a primary cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children.
  • The virus belongs to the Reoviridae family and possesses a unique genome structure.
  • Extensive research has been conducted over four decades.

Purpose:

  • To review the fundamental aspects of rotavirology.
  • To highlight recent significant achievements in rotavirus research.

Summary:

  • Rotavirus, a Reoviridae family member, is the main etiological agent of severe gastroenteritis in young children.
  • Its genome consists of 11 double-stranded RNA segments.
  • The review synthesizes accumulated knowledge on rotavirus structure, genome, replication, pathogenesis, epidemiology, immunity, and evolution.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of rotavirology for researchers and clinicians.
  • Summarizes key advancements, aiding future research directions in understanding and combating rotavirus infections.