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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Identification and Classification of Position-specific GABAA Receptor Subunit Missense Variants for Their Role In Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
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Epigenetics and Epilepsy.

David C Henshall1, Katja Kobow2

  • 1Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|October 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics, including DNA methylation and noncoding RNAs, are altered in epilepsy. Manipulating these epigenetic processes may offer new treatments for epilepsy and epileptogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression in the brain, translating cellular signals into lasting changes.
  • Key epigenetic mediators include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic alterations in epilepsy and epileptogenesis.
  • To explore the potential of targeting epigenetic mechanisms for epilepsy treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of findings from animal models and human brain tissue studies.
  • Analysis of research on DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs in epilepsy.

Main Results:

  • Epilepsy and epileptogenesis are associated with changes in DNA methylation (e.g., hypermethylation in gene bodies), histone modifications (phosphorylation, acetylation), and noncoding RNAs (microRNA, long noncoding RNA).
  • Alterations in these epigenetic factors impact gene expression profiles and influence epileptogenesis.
  • Interference with DNA methylation can modify gene expression and affect seizure development.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic processes significantly influence gene expression in epilepsy.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating and preventing epilepsy.