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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or...

Development of the Oral Microbiota

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

The Oral Microbiota

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...

The Hyoid Bone

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

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The association between hypodontia and dental development.

Brunilda Dhamo^1,2, Strahinja Vucic^1,2, Mette A R Kuijpers³

¹Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Clinical Oral Investigations

|October 15, 2015

Summary

Children with hypodontia exhibit delayed dental development, with specific delays noted in mandibular premolar and molar development. This finding suggests a need for adjusted orthodontic treatment timing in affected children.

Keywords:

Dental age Dutch dental age standards Teeth development Tooth agenesis

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Dentistry
Orthodontics
Dental Anthropology

Background:

Hypodontia, the congenital absence of one or more teeth, is a common dental anomaly.
Understanding the pattern and implications of hypodontia is crucial for effective dental management.
Dental age estimation is vital for assessing developmental status in children.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the prevalence and patterns of hypodontia in the Dutch population.
To determine the association between hypodontia and delayed dental development in children.
To compare dental age estimations using Dutch, French Canadian, and Belgian standards.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional study utilizing dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) from two Dutch cohorts (Rotterdam and Nijmegen).
Inclusion of 1488 children from the Generation R Study and 452 from the Nijmegen Growth Study.
Application of linear and ordinal regression analyses to assess dental age and developmental delays.

Main Results:

Prevalence of hypodontia was 5.6% in the Generation R Study and 5.1% in the Nijmegen Growth Study.
Children with hypodontia showed a dental age 0.37 to 0.52 years lower than their peers.
Significant delays were observed in the development of mandibular second premolars, first premolars, and second molars.

Conclusions:

Children with hypodontia demonstrate a consistent delay in overall dental development.
Specific delays in mandibular tooth development are associated with hypodontia.
These findings underscore the importance of considering delayed dental development in treatment planning for children with hypodontia.