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Brain dopamine and reward.

R A Wise1, P P Rompre

  • 1Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.

Annual Review of Psychology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dopamine plays a role in reward, but it is not the sole neurotransmitter. Evidence suggests dopamine is not the final pathway for all rewards, indicating complex, multisynaptic reward circuitry.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurobiology of Reward

Background:

  • Dopamine is strongly implicated in the rewarding effects of various stimuli, including brain stimulation, psychomotor stimulants, opiates, and food.
  • The precise function of dopamine within reward pathways remains unclear, with evidence suggesting it is not the sole reward transmitter or the final common pathway for all rewards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the role of dopamine in reward circuitry.
  • To investigate whether dopamine acts as an intermediate common path for most rewards, challenging existing hypotheses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on dopamine's role in reward, including studies using dopamine antagonists and lesions.
  • Analysis of findings from brain stimulation reward studies at different nervous system levels.
  • Consideration of pharmacological challenges in reward site investigations.

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Main Results:

  • Dopamine antagonists and lesions do not abolish the rewarding effects of nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex brain stimulation or apomorphine.
  • Reward circuitry is multisynaptic, with dopamine neurons not directly communicating with each other, positioning dopamine as a single link.
  • Dopamine-independent reward sites exist in the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex, challenging the hypothesis of dopamine as a universal reward pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Dopamine is not the final common path for all rewards; its role is likely more nuanced within a complex, multisynaptic reward system.
  • The existence of dopamine-independent reward sites suggests the involvement of parallel, functionally independent reward systems.
  • Further research, including pharmacological challenges across various reward paradigms, is needed to fully elucidate dopamine's specific contribution to reward.