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Ureters

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...

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Ectopic Ureter Accompanied by Duplicated Ureter: Three Cases.

Ufuk Senel¹, Halil Ibrahim Tanriverdi¹, Zafer Ozmen²

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Gaziosmanpasa University Medical School , Tokat, Turkey .

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR

|October 27, 2015

Summary

Ectopic ureters with ureteral duplication can cause treatment-resistant enuresis and urinary tract infections in children. Early diagnosis through physical examination and imaging is crucial for effective management.

Keywords:

Enuresis Ureteral anomaly Ureteroneocystostomy

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A Murine Model of Irreversible and Reversible Unilateral Ureteric Obstruction

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Published on: December 20, 2014

Area of Science:

Pediatric Urology
Congenital Abnormalities

Background:

Ectopic ureters and ureteral duplication are congenital anomalies that can lead to significant urinary tract issues.
These conditions are often associated with symptoms like enuresis and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Observation:

This study evaluated three female patients (ages 1-10 years) with ectopic ureters and various types of ureteral duplication.
The ectopic ureters were unilateral (left or right) in two cases and bilateral in one.
Duplication patterns included complete (two cases) and incomplete (one case).

Findings:

Surgical interventions such as ureteroneocystostomy and subtotal nephrectomy were performed based on the specific presentation.
One case required ureteroneocystostomy for an ectopic ureter in the contralateral urinary system.

Implications:

Ectopic duplicated ureters should be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis of refractory enuresis and recurrent UTIs in pediatric patients.
A comprehensive diagnostic approach including physical examination, imaging, and functional tests is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.