Muscles for Facial Expressions
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Johannes Franz Hönig1, Daniel Knutti2, Frank Michael Hasse3
1Georg-August-Universität, Goettingen, Germany ; Paracelsus Klinik, Hannover, Germany.
Fiberendoscopic video-assisted facial rejuvenation offers an advanced aesthetic plastic surgery technique. This method enables vertical repositioning of midface soft tissues via small incisions, avoiding traditional coronal incisions and skin resection.
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