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Obesity and Autism.

Alison Presmanes Hill1, Katharine E Zuckerman2, Eric Fombonne3

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Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have higher rates of overweight and obesity than the general population, with differences emerging by age 2-5. Risk factors include older age, Hispanic ethnicity, lower parent education, and sleep/affective issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Overweight and obesity are rising in children.
  • Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may face a higher risk of unhealthy weight.
  • Understanding weight prevalence in ASDs is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a large clinical sample of children with ASDs.
  • To investigate associations between unhealthy weight and known risk factors in the general population within the ASD cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 5053 children with ASDs in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network.
  • Calculated BMI percentiles using measured height and weight.
  • Defined overweight and obesity based on CDC criteria (≥85th and ≥95th percentiles, respectively).

Main Results:

  • 33.6% of children (ages 2-17) with ASDs were overweight; 18% were obese.
  • Unhealthy weight rates were significantly higher in children with ASDs aged 2-5 compared to the general US population.
  • Older age, Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, lower parent education, and sleep/affective problems predicted obesity.

Conclusions:

  • Prevalence of unhealthy weight is significantly higher in children with ASDs, even in early childhood (ages 2-5).
  • Findings suggest potentially different weight gain trajectories in children with ASDs, possibly starting in early childhood.
  • Highlights the need for targeted weight management strategies for children with ASDs.