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Related Concept Videos

Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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[Microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases].

I Polanco Allué1

  • 1Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, España.

Anales De Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003)
|November 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early life gut microbiota influences immune system development and gastrointestinal health. Probiotics can modulate this microbiota for preventing and treating pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.

Keywords:
AdolescentesAdolescentsChildrenEnfermedades gastrointestinalesGastrointestinal diseasesMicrobiotaNiñosProbioticsProbióticos

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Gut microbiota is established at birth and influenced by factors like lactation.
  • Changes in gut microbiota composition are linked to immune system activation and gastrointestinal diseases.
  • A balanced microbiota is crucial for pediatric gastrointestinal health, pathogen defense, and nutrient processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the modulation of intestinal microbiota.
  • To explore the role of microbiota in the prevention and adjuvant treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on gut microbiota and pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.
  • Analysis of studies on probiotic interventions for modulating intestinal microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Emerging evidence links gut microbiota alterations to immune system changes and disease.
  • Probiotics show potential for intentional modulation of intestinal microbiota.
  • Microbiota balance is key for gastrointestinal health functions.

Conclusions:

  • Intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in pediatric gastrointestinal health.
  • Probiotic interventions offer a strategy for managing pediatric gastrointestinal conditions.
  • Further research into microbiota modulation is warranted for disease prevention and treatment.