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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

347
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

316
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
316
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

340
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
340
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

317
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
317
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

809
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
809
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

15.7K
Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
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Elderly female with Autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Anupam Dey1

  • 1Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.

Journal of Mid-Life Health
|November 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare condition. Prompt treatment with steroids significantly improved a patient

Area of Science:

  • Internal Medicine
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disorder, challenging to diagnose and manage, particularly in older adults.
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can present with hematological manifestations, including AIHA.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old female presented with chronic fatigue, dyspnea, and intermittent fever, requiring multiple blood transfusions.
  • Physical examination revealed pallor, edema, a hemic murmur, and hepatomegaly.
  • Laboratory results showed severe anemia (Hb 2.9 gm%), elevated bilirubin and ESR, and a high reticulocyte count, with a positive Direct Coombs test.

Findings:

  • The patient tested positive for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and Anti-ds DNA, supporting a diagnosis of SLE.
  • The patient was diagnosed with AIHA secondary to SLE.
Keywords:
Anemiaautoimmunereticulocytesteroidwarm antibody

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  • Treatment with packed red blood cells and high-dose prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) resulted in a significant increase in hemoglobin to 10.4 gm% within three weeks.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of considering SLE in patients with AIHA, especially those with other systemic symptoms.
    • Early diagnosis and appropriate immunosuppressive therapy, such as corticosteroids, are crucial for managing AIHA secondary to SLE.
    • Effective treatment leads to substantial clinical improvement and hematological recovery.