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X chromosome reactivation in reprogramming and in development.

Vincent Pasque1, Kathrin Plath1

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
|November 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

X chromosome reactivation (XCR) is crucial for reprogramming somatic cells to naive pluripotency. Differences in XCR between mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) highlight distinct reprogramming pathways and impact stem cell applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mammalian differentiation involves epigenetic reprogramming, including X chromosome inactivation in females.
  • Reprogramming somatic cells to naive pluripotency requires X chromosome reactivation (XCR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on X chromosome reactivation (XCR) during reprogramming to pluripotency.
  • To highlight differences in XCR between mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on X chromosome behavior during cellular reprogramming.
  • Comparative analysis of XCR mechanisms in mouse and human systems.

Main Results:

  • Studies in mice have elucidated the timing and steps of XCR during induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation.
  • Human iPSC studies reveal significant differences in X chromosome dynamics compared to mice.
  • These differences are partly attributed to distinct pluripotent states established during reprogramming.

Conclusions:

  • X chromosome reactivation (XCR) serves as both a readout and a determinant of reprogramming to pluripotency.
  • Understanding species-specific XCR mechanisms is critical for advancing stem cell applications and disease modeling.
  • Differences in XCR impact the utility of human pluripotent stem cells.