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Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 30, 2026

A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements

A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements

Published on: July 2, 2015

Electroanalytical devices with pins and thread.

Ana C Glavan¹, Alar Ainla, Mahiar M Hamedi

¹Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. gwhitesides@gmwgroup.harvard.edu.

|November 10, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Stainless steel pins, modified or not, serve as versatile electrodes for electrochemical devices. These adaptable pin electrodes offer an easier alternative to printed electrodes for multiplex analysis in thread or paper-based devices.

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Last Updated: Mar 30, 2026

A New Application of the Electrical Penetration Graph EPG for Acquiring and Measuring Electrical Signals in Phloem Sieve Elements

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Published on: July 2, 2015

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Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes

Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes

Published on: June 30, 2019

Area of Science:

Electrochemistry
Materials Science
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Conventional electrodes in electrochemical devices can be complex to fabricate and modify.
There is a need for adaptable and easily integrated electrode solutions for multiplex analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the adaptive use of stainless steel pins as electrodes in electrochemical devices.
To demonstrate the fabrication of multiplex analytical devices using these pin electrodes.

Main Methods:

Stainless steel pins, in unmodified or carbon paste-coated forms, were utilized as working, counter, and quasi-reference electrodes.
Electrochemical devices were fabricated using cotton thread or embossed omniphobic R(F) paper to contain electrolytes and samples.
Thread-based arrays and 96-well plates were constructed using the pin electrodes for multiplex analysis.

Main Results:

The stainless steel pin electrodes proved effective in various electrochemical device configurations.
Devices fabricated with thread or R(F) paper demonstrated successful multiplex analysis capabilities.
Pin electrodes offer advantages in ease of modification, use, and positional flexibility compared to printed electrodes.

Conclusions:

Conventional stainless steel pins are a versatile and adaptable electrode solution for electrochemical devices.
The proposed method facilitates the easy fabrication of multiplex analytical devices using readily available materials.
This approach provides a practical alternative for developing electrochemical sensors and analytical platforms.