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Beam splitters can create quantum entanglement from non-entangled light, even without squeezing. This occurs when light modes are correlated with a third mode, enabling new entanglement distribution and quantum communication protocols.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Beam splitters are fundamental linear optical elements used in quantum optics experiments.
  • They typically function as continuous-variable entanglers, transforming separable Gaussian states into entangled states.
  • Entanglement generation via beam splitters usually requires specific conditions, such as squeezed input light.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate that beam splitters can create entanglement from non-squeezed, correlated light modes.
  • To investigate the mechanism of three-mode entanglement generation using beam splitters on separable states.
  • To highlight the role of this property in entanglement distribution and quantum dense coding.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental demonstration using optical setups.
  • Utilizing a beam splitter to act on two modes of a three-mode Gaussian state.
  • Analyzing the resulting states to confirm three-mode entanglement without direct entanglement of the two acted-upon modes.

Main Results:

  • A beam splitter successfully generated three-mode entanglement from a fully separable Gaussian state.
  • Entanglement was created even when the two input modes were not individually squeezed or entangled.
  • The two modes acted upon by the beam splitter did not become entangled themselves.

Conclusions:

  • Beam splitters possess a capability to generate entanglement from correlated, non-entangled states, expanding their utility beyond traditional applications.
  • This property is crucial for protocols distributing entanglement using separable states.
  • The findings have implications for advanced quantum communication techniques like collaborative quantum dense coding.