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Structural elements regulating zein gene expression.

G A Thompson, B A Larkins

    Bioessays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
    |April 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Zein gene regulation in maize is complex, involving conserved sequences in flanking regions. While cis-acting elements are crucial for transcription, proper regulation is not achieved in transgenic plants, indicating transcriptional control issues.

    Area of Science:

    • Plant molecular biology
    • Maize genetics
    • Protein biochemistry

    Background:

    • Zeins are alcohol-soluble proteins synthesized in developing maize seeds.
    • Zein genes are numerous and complexly regulated, with conserved sequences in flanking regions suggesting regulatory roles.
    • Cis-acting elements in the 5' flanking regions are known to be essential for accurate zein gene transcription.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the complexity of zein gene regulation in maize.
    • To identify conserved sequences in zein gene flanking regions potentially involved in regulation.
    • To determine the regulatory mechanisms of zein genes in transgenic plant systems.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative analysis of zein gene flanking regions.
    • Gene transformation studies in plant tissues.

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  • Analysis of gene transcription and mRNA stability in transgenic plants.

    • Main Results:

    • Conserved sequences were identified in the 5' flanking regions of zein genes.
    • Cis-acting elements in these regions are required for accurate transcription.
    • Zein genes were transcribed in transgenic tobacco and petunia, but not properly regulated.
    • The lack of proper regulation in transgenic plants was attributed to transcriptional effects, not protein or mRNA instability.

    Conclusions:

    • Zein gene regulation in maize is intricate and involves specific cis-acting elements.
    • While essential for transcription, these elements do not guarantee proper regulation in heterologous systems.
    • Transcriptional control is the primary factor influencing zein gene regulation, rather than post-transcriptional stability.