[AIDS manifestations in the gastrointestinal tract]

More than 50% of HIV-infected patients develop gastrointestinal symptoms. The HIV-induced damage of the mucosa-associated immune system (reduction of CD4-positive cells in the lamina propria) leads to an increased risk of opportunistic infections (Candida, Herpes simplex virus, Cytomegalovirus, Cryptosporidia, Isospora belli, Strongyloides stercoralis, Mycobacteria) and the development of malignant tumors (Kaposi's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma). 70% of patients with gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma succumb to opportunistic infections within two years. Furthermore, HIV infection promotes the persistence of hepatitis B virus. Although the risk for health care professionals to acquire HIV infection in hospital is minimal, cases of hospital acquired infection are well documented. Therefore when performing endoscopic examinations on HIV-infected patients protective measures such as the wearing of a cap, eye and mouth protection, gloves and a gown must not be neglected. Endoscopes must be disinfected in accordance to standardized procedures.