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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Introduction to AEDAn Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is a portable medical device that analyzes the heart's rhythm and, if necessary, delivers an electrical shock to help the heart re-establish an effective rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). SCA occurs when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating, leading to a loss of blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. In such emergencies, time is of the essence, and using an AED, combined with Cardiopulmonary...
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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
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Atrial Fibrillation During Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.

Mariëlle Kloosterman1, Alexander H Maass1, Michiel Rienstra1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.

Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics
|November 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) shows reduced efficacy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Effective biventricular pacing is crucial for managing AF patients undergoing CRT.

Keywords:
Atrioventricular junction ablationBiventricular pacingHeart failureImplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Landmark trials for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) primarily included patients in sinus rhythm.
  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent (20-40%) in patients receiving CRT, yet its impact on CRT efficacy is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the detrimental effects of AF on CRT response.
  • To discuss management strategies for patients with AF undergoing CRT.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on studies investigating CRT in patients with AF.
  • Analysis of factors influencing CRT response in the presence of AF.

Main Results:

  • AF significantly impacts the effectiveness of CRT.
  • Uncertainty exists regarding the AF burden thresholds that diminish CRT response.

Conclusions:

  • Successful biventricular pacing is essential for optimizing CRT outcomes in AF patients.
  • Further research is needed to define AF burden thresholds and refine management strategies.