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Updated: Aug 13, 2026
09:20
Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
Patient Selection, Referral Timing, and Advanced Heart Disease Therapy Options for Heart Failure with Reduced
Karthik Sreedhara1, Gurusher Panjrath1
1Division of Cardiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2150 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA; George Washington University Heart and Vascular Institute.
Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics
|August 11, 2026
Summary
Primary care providers should refer patients with advanced heart failure to specialized centers for improved survival. This article outlines key parameters for referral and evaluation for advanced therapies like left ventricular assist devices and heart transplantation.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Advanced Heart Failure Management
Background:
- Advanced heart failure presents with severe symptoms and functional limitations, leading to significant morbidity and mortality despite optimal medical therapy.
- Timely referral to specialized centers is crucial for improving outcomes in these patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify key parameters prompting referral for advanced heart failure.
- To elucidate the evaluation process for advanced therapies, including left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and heart transplantation.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical parameters for advanced heart failure referral.
- Discussion of indications and contraindications for LVAD and heart transplantation.
Main Results:
- Key clinical indicators for referral to advanced heart failure centers identified.
- Comprehensive overview of candidacy evaluation for mechanical circulatory support and organ transplantation provided.
Conclusions:
- Prompt referral based on specific clinical parameters can significantly improve quality of life and survival for advanced heart failure patients.
- Understanding indications and contraindications is essential for determining eligibility for LVAD and heart transplantation.
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