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Considering genetic characteristics in German Holstein breeding programs.

D Segelke1, H Täubert1, F Reinhardt1

  • 1Vereinigte Informationssysteme Tierhaltung w.V. (vit), Heideweg 1, 27283 Verden, Germany.

Journal of Dairy Science
|November 26, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new genetic index helps manage cattle breeding by selecting against embryonic loss defects and for beneficial traits like polled status. This method avoids excluding carriers, maintaining genetic gain while improving herd health and economic value.

Keywords:
dairy cattlegenetic indexgenomic evaluationlethal recessive

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Area of Science:

  • Animal genetics
  • Quantitative genetics
  • Livestock breeding

Background:

  • Recessive genetic defects, such as Holstein haplotypes (HH1-HH5), cause embryonic loss and calf mortality.
  • Excluding carriers of these defects reduces genetic gain and sire availability in breeding programs.
  • There is a need for methods that balance selection against defects with selection for economically beneficial traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a genetic index for cattle breeding that integrates selection against recessive defects with selection for economically beneficial traits.
  • To assess the impact of this genetic index on allele frequencies and genetic gain in a simulated genomic breeding program.
  • To apply the genetic index to real-world data and analyze its effect on genetic trends.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a genetic index incorporating allele frequencies and economic values for defects (HH1-HH5) and polled trait.
  • Assigned economic values based on the timing and impact of embryonic loss (€97 for HH1/HH2, €70 for HH3-HH5) and polled trait (€7 per calf).
  • Simulated a genomic breeding program comparing the genetic index with traditional assortative mating and applied the index to historical German Holstein data.

Main Results:

  • The genetic index effectively controls allele frequencies by reducing undesirable alleles and increasing beneficial ones, such as the polled trait.
  • Simulations showed that using the genetic index on the female path maintained genetic gain in production and functional traits.
  • Application to real data revealed a genetic trend decrease from 1990-2006, followed by an increase since 2010 due to rising polled frequency.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed genetic index is a valuable tool for managing cattle breeding, allowing simultaneous selection against recessive defects and for desirable traits without excluding carriers.
  • This approach helps improve fertility and economic value in cattle populations while preserving genetic diversity and gain.
  • Further research into the biology of embryonic loss and accurate economic valuation is recommended.