Contribution of human-related sources to indoor volatile organic compounds in a university classroom

Although significant progress has been made in understanding the sources and chemistry of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the past decades, much is unknown about the role of humans in indoor air chemistry. In the spring of 2014, we conducted continuous measurements of VOCs using a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) in a university classroom. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) of the measured VOCs revealed a 'human influence' component, which likely represented VOCs produced from human breath and ozonolysis of human skin lipids. The concentration of the human influence component increased with the number of occupants and decreased with ventilation rate in a similar way to CO₂ , with an average contribution of 40% to the measured daytime VOC concentration. In addition, the human skin lipid ozonolysis products were observed to correlate with CO₂ and anticorrelate with O₃ , suggesting that reactions on human surfaces may be important sources of indoor VOCs and sinks for indoor O₃ . Our study suggests that humans can substantially affect VOC composition and oxidative capacity in indoor environments.