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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Entropy, Ergodicity, and Stem Cell Multipotency.

Sonya J Ridden1, Hannah H Chang2, Konstantinos C Zygalakis1

  • 1Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.

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|November 28, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mammalian stem cell populations show diversity, which is crucial for responding to environmental changes. This study reveals that stem cell dynamics near a critical state generate this essential cellular diversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Computational biology
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Mammalian stem cells display significant cell-to-cell variability.
  • The functional importance of this cellular diversity remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional role of cell-cell variability in mammalian stem cells.
  • To analyze expression fluctuations of the stem cell surface marker Sca1 in mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a simple stochastic model to analyze Sca1 expression dynamics.
  • Examined fluctuations in mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Main Results:

  • Observed stem cell dynamics naturally approach a critical state.
  • This critical state generates a diverse stem cell population.
  • The diverse population exhibits rapid responsiveness to environmental changes.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular diversity in stem cells is linked to dynamics near a critical state.
  • This diversity enhances the ability of stem cells to adapt to environmental stimuli.
  • Cellular multipotency can be interpreted through an information-theoretic lens of maximum entropy statistical inference.