Osteoarthritis prevalence and modifiable factors: a population study

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Rheumatology
• Public Health

Background:

• Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease affecting knee and hip joints.
• Understanding OA prevalence across demographics and modifiable risk factors is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of self-reported knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) stratified by age and sex.
• To investigate the association between modifiable factors and the prevalence of knee and hip OA.

Main Methods:

• A population-based sample of 4733 adults (≥18 years) from Alberta, Canada, was surveyed.
• Data on self-reported OA, demographics, and modifiable factors were collected via telephone interviews and community clinics.
• Binary logistic regression was used to analyze associations between modifiable factors and OA prevalence.

Main Results:

• Overall OA prevalence was 14.8% (knee OA: 10.5%, hip OA: 8.5%).
• Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m²) significantly increased the odds of both knee (OR: 4.37) and hip OA (OR: 2.52).
• Certain occupational activities (standing/walking, light loads, stair climbing) and higher vitamin C intake were associated with lower hip OA prevalence.

Conclusions:

• Knee and hip OA prevalence in this Canadian population is comparable to other studies.
• Females exhibit higher knee OA prevalence and report more mobility limitations and pain.
• Targeting modifiable factors like obesity and promoting protective occupational activities and vitamin C intake are important for OA management.