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Optogenetic spatial and temporal control of cortical circuits on a columnar scale
Arani Roy1, Jason J Osik1, Neil J Ritter1
1Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts; Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts;
Journal of Neurophysiology
|December 4, 2015
Summary
Researchers developed ProjectorScope 1, a novel optogenetic stimulation system. This tool enables precise neural activation, demonstrating its ability to sculpt developing brain circuits independently of sensory input.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Optogenetics
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Mammalian brain circuits exhibit topographic and columnar organization.
- Activating specific neural groups could reveal circuit function or restore function post-disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present ProjectorScope 1, a custom microscope for optogenetic stimulation.
- To demonstrate precise, localized neural activation using optical projection.
- To investigate experience-dependent development of motion selectivity in the visual cortex.
Main Methods:
- Developed ProjectorScope 1 using off-the-shelf components and an LCD projector.
- Utilized channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) for light-sensitive neuronal activation.
- Applied optogenetic stimulation to surface brain regions in immature ferrets.
Main Results:
- Achieved local spatial activation with a resolution of approximately 200-300 μm.
- Optogenetic cortical activation alone, without visual input, induced motion selectivity.
- Demonstrated that optogenetic stimulation can shape developing neural circuits.
Conclusions:
- ProjectorScope 1 provides a method for localized optogenetic brain stimulation.
- Cortical activity is sufficient to drive experience-dependent circuit refinement.
- Optogenetic stimulation can sculpt neural development in the absence of specific sensory experiences.
