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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab
Published on: July 3, 2025
The altered photosynthetic machinery during compatible virus infection
Yinzi Li1, Hongguang Cui2, Xiaoyan Cui1
1Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada; Department of Biology, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.
Abstract:
As an organelle only found in plant cells and some protists, the chloroplast is not only the main metabolic energy originator, but also the abiotic/biotic stress sensor and defense signal generator. For a long time, chloroplasts have been recognized as a common target by many plant viruses. Viruses may directly modify chloroplast membranes to assemble their replication complex for viral genome replication. Viruses may downregulate chloroplast-related and photosynthesis-related genes via an as yet unknown mechanism to support their infection. Viruses may also interrupt functionality of the photosynthetic machinery through protein-protein interactions. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge about modifications of the photosynthetic machinery by plant viruses, highlights the important role of chloroplasts in the infection process and discusses chloroplast-associated pathogenesis.
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