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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Membrane Domains01:18

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
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Transport Across the Golgi01:26

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While it is unclear how molecules move between adjacent Golgi cisternae, it is apparent that the molecules move from cis- cisterna, the entry face, to the trans- cisterna, the exit face. Experiments initially suggested vesicles that bud from one cisterna and fuse with the next cisterna to transport proteins between the cisternae. This vesicular transport model describes the Golgi apparatus as a relatively static structure with a unique enzyme composition in each cisterna. Molecules are...
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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Caveolae: One Function or Many?

Jade P X Cheng1, Benjamin J Nichols1

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.

Trends in Cell Biology
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Caveolae, small membrane invaginations, may primarily protect cells from mechanical stress. Research explores their mechanoprotective role alongside functions in transport and signaling.

Keywords:
caveolaecaveolincavinendocytosismechanoprotectiontranscytosis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations with diverse, incompletely understood functions.
  • Mutations affecting caveolae cause varied phenotypes, complicating mechanistic studies.
  • Known roles include endocytosis, transcytosis, lipid homeostasis, and signaling platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanoprotective role of caveolae.
  • To consolidate evidence for diverse caveolae functions.
  • To identify knowledge gaps in caveolae-mediated mechanical signal transduction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of in vitro experimental data.
  • Evaluation of in vivo study findings.

Main Results:

  • Caveolae exhibit diverse functions including transport and signaling.
  • Emerging evidence strongly supports a central mechanoprotective role for caveolae.
  • In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm the mechanoprotective capacity of caveolae.

Conclusions:

  • Caveolae likely play a crucial role in protecting cells from mechanical stress.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate how caveolae transduce mechanical signals.
  • Understanding caveolae's mechanoprotective function is key to deciphering their overall biological significance.