Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

2.5K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
2.5K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

18.3K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
18.3K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

3.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
3.5K
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

10.0K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
10.0K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

86.3K
Overview
86.3K
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

3.0K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Modeling quantifies in vivo neutralization, Fc-mediated killing, and resistance in human clinical trials of five anti-HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Genotypic challenges in implementing broadly neutralizing antibody-based long-acting HIV-1 therapies.

Communications medicine·2026
Same author

Early intervention, lasting impact: benefits of early antiretroviral therapy and implications for posttreatment control.

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS·2026
Same author

HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies with enhanced Fc-CD16 affinity increase NK cell ADCC even with limited envelope binding.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Dual role of glycosylation in resistance to CD4-binding site broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Journal of virology·2026
Same author

Predicting viral sensitivity to antibodies using genetic sequences and antibody similarities.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same journal

Use of gloves: current evidence vs. current use.

Current opinion in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Understanding challenges to prevention of healthcare related infections.

Current opinion in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Harnessing next-generation microbial diagnostics to optimize infection management in immunocompromised hosts.

Current opinion in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Epidemiology, treatment and outcomes of antimicrobial-resistant infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

Current opinion in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Dengue and chikungunya vaccines past, present and future: implications for travelers.

Current opinion in infectious diseases·2026
Same journal

Oropouche virus: viral evolution, epidemiological trends, and challenges for control.

Current opinion in infectious diseases·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

18.0K

B cells in HIV pathogenesis.

Godelieve J de Bree1, Rebecca M Lynch

  • 1aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands bVaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|December 15, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early HIV infection impairs virus-clearing antibody responses due to suboptimal B-cells. Effective HIV vaccines require specific B-cell induction and antigen exposure without chronic viral replication to improve T-follicular helper cell function and antibody quality.

More Related Videos

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

9.2K
Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques
13:13

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques

Published on: September 25, 2018

11.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals
06:46

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

18.0K
Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.
08:11

Assessing the Innate Sensing of HIV-1 Infected CD4+ T Cells by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Using an Ex vivo Co-culture System.

Published on: September 1, 2015

9.2K
Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques
13:13

Single-cell Quantitation of mRNA and Surface Protein Expression in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-infected CD4+ T Cells Isolated from Rhesus macaques

Published on: September 25, 2018

11.2K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Natural HIV infection exhibits an impaired humoral immune response, hindering virus clearance.
  • Early B-cell responses and antibody development are critical but poorly understood in HIV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate early events in HIV infection impacting B-cell responses and antibody development.
  • To inform strategies for designing an effective HIV vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent findings on B-cell populations and T-follicular helper cell (TFH) dynamics in early HIV-1 infection.
  • Analysis of the impact of viral load, infection duration, and viral diversity on immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Broadly neutralizing antibody responses are not established early in HIV-1 infection.
  • Preexisting suboptimal B-cell populations can dominate the early antibody response.
  • Virus replication drives alterations in B-cell and TFH compartments, yet these factors may be necessary for antibody development.

Conclusions:

  • Effective HIV vaccines must induce specific B-cell lineages to avoid unwanted cross-reactivity.
  • Vaccine strategies should mimic high levels of diverse antigen without chronic viral replication.
  • This approach aims to activate high-quality TFH responses and stimulate robust antibody maturation.