Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

835
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
835
Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison01:14

Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison

410
The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
410
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH

4.2K
Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
A drug's pKa and the pH of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play crucial roles...
4.2K
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:27

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Polymorphic Form-Related and Particle Size-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

216
Changes in polymorphic forms can significantly influence the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Although the FDA defines pharmaceutical equivalence based on having the same active ingredient, dosage form, and route of administration, it does not automatically disqualify products with different polymorphic forms. This means two products with different polymorphs can still be deemed pharmaceutically equivalent. However, polymorphic differences can affect properties like wettability,...
216
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution01:27

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Drug Dissolution

1.6K
The pharmacokinetic journey of drugs from solid oral dosage forms into systemic circulation is multifaceted. It begins with disintegration, a prerequisite ensuring a solid dosage form's subdivision into minute particles. Dissolution occurs next as these granulated entities solubilize in gastrointestinal fluids. This solubilization is crucial for the succeeding stage, permeation, which describes the traversal of the drug across the intestinal membrane and its subsequent entry into the blood...
1.6K
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

544
Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
544

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization of olanzapine-solid dispersions.

Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR·2013
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles
07:32

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Published on: August 28, 2015

12.2K

OLANZAPINE-PEG 6000 BINARY SYSTEMS: IN VITRO DISSOLUTION BEHAVIOR, PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MATHEMATICAL

Vekateskumar Krishnamoorthy, Suchandrasen, Verma Priya Ranjan Prasad

    Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica
    |December 16, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Solid dispersions of olanzapine with PEG 6000 significantly improved drug release. Increased carrier content linearly enhanced dissolution, attributed to improved solubility and wettability.

    More Related Videos

    A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
    11:27

    A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

    Published on: August 9, 2022

    2.7K
    Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
    08:18

    Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

    Published on: July 27, 2022

    1.7K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Mar 28, 2026

    Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles
    07:32

    Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

    Published on: August 28, 2015

    12.2K
    A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
    11:27

    A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

    Published on: August 9, 2022

    2.7K
    Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
    08:18

    Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

    Published on: July 27, 2022

    1.7K

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmaceutical Technology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Olanzapine exhibits poor solubility, limiting its oral bioavailability.
    • Solid dispersions are a promising strategy to enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the dissolution behavior of olanzapine from solid dispersions prepared with Polyethylene Glycol 6000 (PEG 6000).
    • To characterize the solid dispersions and elucidate the mechanisms behind enhanced olanzapine release.

    Main Methods:

    • Solid dispersions were prepared using the melt dispersion technique.
    • Characterization involved phase solubility studies, drug content, in vitro dissolution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR, Near Infrared (NIR), Raman spectroscopy, and wettability studies.

    Main Results:

    • Phase solubility studies indicated PEG 6000's solubilization effect and spontaneous interaction with olanzapine.
    • Solid dispersions demonstrated significantly improved olanzapine release compared to the pure drug, with release increasing linearly with PEG 6000 content.
    • Physicochemical characterization confirmed reduced olanzapine crystallinity, its compatibility with PEG 6000, and enhanced wettability of the solid dispersions.

    Conclusions:

    • Solid dispersions with PEG 6000 effectively enhance olanzapine dissolution.
    • Mechanisms include improved solubilization, solid solution formation, prevention of drug aggregation, and increased wettability.
    • This formulation approach holds potential for improving olanzapine's therapeutic efficacy.