[NON PHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS TO REDUCE PAIN IN NEWBORNS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW]

Area of Science:

• Neonatal care
• Pain management in infants
• Evidence-based practice

Background:

• Newborns undergo painful procedures like heel pricks and vaccinations.
• Pain assessment in neonates has advanced using physiological and behavioral scales.
• Nonpharmacological pain relief methods are preferred for their safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically analyze studies evaluating nonpharmacological interventions for pain reduction in neonates.
• To identify effective nonpharmacological strategies for painful procedures in newborns.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted.
• 21 relevant articles were selected following PRISMA guidelines.

Main Results:

• Nonpharmacological interventions are effective in managing pain for both term and preterm infants.
• Effective methods include sweet solutions, breastfeeding, and kangaroo care.
• Accurate pain measurement and addressing negative consequences like sleep disturbances are crucial.

Conclusions:

• Common nonpharmacological interventions like sweet solutions, breastfeeding, and kangaroo care are effective and beneficial for neonates.
• Further research is needed to establish universal evaluation methods for long-term outcomes.
• Increased healthcare provider involvement is essential for optimal pain management.