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Related Concept Videos

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Standardization and Best Practices for Advancing Lung Imaging Using 129Xe MRI
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Diffusion lung imaging with hyperpolarized gas MRI.

Dmitriy A Yablonskiy1, Alexander L Sukstanskii1, James D Quirk1

  • 1Department of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.

NMR in Biomedicine
|December 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyperpolarized gas MRI enables rapid, non-invasive lung microstructure analysis. This diffusion MRI technique provides detailed alveolar-level imaging, crucial for understanding lung diseases.

Keywords:
ADCacinar airwaysdiffusionhyperpolarized gaslung imaginglung morphometrypulmonary test

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Conventional 1H MRI faces challenges in lung imaging due to low tissue density, motion, and rapid relaxation.
  • Hyperpolarized gas MRI (3He, 129Xe) offers a strong signal from inhaled gas with slower relaxation, enabling lung airspace imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in diffusion MRI using hyperpolarized gases for lung imaging.
  • To highlight the development of in vivo lung morphometry for quantitative assessment of lung microstructure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing diffusion MRI with hyperpolarized gases (3He, 129Xe) and diffusion-sensitizing gradients.
  • Combining gas diffusion modeling with MRI measurements for alveolar-level microstructure analysis.
  • Developing rapid MRI scans (under 15s) for in vivo morphometry during a single breath-hold.

Main Results:

  • In vivo lung morphometry provides quantitative data on lung microstructure (e.g., mean linear intercept, surface-to-volume ratio, alveolar density).
  • Advanced Weibel parameters, including alveolar sac/duct radii and alveolar sleeve depth, can be evaluated.
  • Integration with CT and gradient echo MRI yields additional data on blood vessel volume, gas volume, and airway dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • Diffusion MRI with hyperpolarized gases offers a powerful, non-invasive tool for in vivo lung morphometry.
  • This technique provides crucial insights into pulmonary acinar airway integrity and disease-related changes.
  • The approach has significant potential for physiologists and clinicians in diagnosing and monitoring lung conditions.