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Soy Intake Is Associated With Lower Endometrial Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational

Guo-Qiang Zhang¹, Jin-Liang Chen, Qin Liu

¹From the No. 3 Office of Student Affairs, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (G-QZ); Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (J-LC); China Effective Health Care Network, School of Public Health & Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (QL); and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (YZ, HZ, YZ).

|December 20, 2015

Summary

This meta-analysis suggests that consuming soy foods may lower endometrial cancer risk. Evidence indicates a protective effect, particularly from unfermented soy products.

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Area of Science:

Epidemiology
Oncology
Nutrition Science

Background:

Conflicting results exist regarding soy intake and endometrial cancer risk.
A systematic review is needed to clarify this association.
Soy contains isoflavones, which may have hormonal effects relevant to cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and meta-analyze epidemiologic studies on dietary soy intake and endometrial cancer risk.
To determine if soy consumption is inversely associated with endometrial cancer.
To explore potential moderating factors in this relationship.

Main Methods:

Searched major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Chinese databases) up to August 2015.
Included case-control and cohort studies assessing soy intake and endometrial cancer.
Used fixed-effects or random-effects models to calculate pooled risk estimates (REs).

Main Results:

Included 10 studies (8 case-control, 2 cohort).
Overall soy intake showed an inverse association with endometrial cancer risk (RE: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.91).
Significant protective effects observed for unfermented soy, postmenopausal women, and both Asian and non-Asian populations.

Conclusions:

Dietary soy food intake is associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer.
Unfermented soy foods and intake by postmenopausal women show a notable protective effect.
Further large-scale cohort studies are recommended to confirm these findings.