Vascular lesions after percutaneous biopsies of renal allografts

On the basis of two arteriovenous fistulas, one arteriocaliceal fistula, and the literature concerning these complications, clinical symptoms, diagnostic measures, and therapeutic strategies are discussed. Decreased renal function, severe hypertension, and a bruit over the transplant site - particularly after core biopsy - are said to be indicative of an arteriovenous fistula, while persisting hematuria is seen as evidence of an arteriocaliceal fistula. In both cases, angiographic evaluation is indicated. Therapeutic possibilities include selective angiographic embolization and surgical repair. Large intraparenchymal fistulas may require wedge resection.