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Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
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Recalling visual serial order for verbal sequences.

Robert H Logie1, Satoru Saito2, Aiko Morita3

  • 1Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH16 6JF, UK. rlogie@staffmail.ed.ac.uk.

Memory & Cognition
|December 26, 2015
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Summary

Visually similar items impair serial recall more than distinct items, creating a "zig-zag" pattern in memory recall. This suggests visual and phonological memory systems share similar serial order retention processes.

Keywords:
Serial position effectsShort-term memoryVisual similarityWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Memory

Background:

  • Serial recall performance is influenced by item characteristics.
  • Previous research focused on phonological similarity, with less attention to visual similarity's impact on memory.
  • Understanding visual memory is crucial for a comprehensive model of working memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of visual similarity on serial recall of verbal sequences.
  • To determine if visual similarity elicits similar memory patterns as phonological similarity.
  • To test the hypothesis of domain-specific memory systems for visual and phonological information.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments involving written serial recall of visually presented verbal sequences (Japanese Kanji and English words).
  • Items were manipulated for visual similarity while controlling for phonological similarity.
  • Data were analyzed for recall performance across serial positions and compared between visually similar and distinct items.

Main Results:

  • Recall performance was poorer for visually similar items compared to visually distinct items across all serial positions.
  • A distinct "zig-zag" pattern emerged in mixed lists, with better recall for visually distinct items.
  • This pattern, previously observed for phonological similarity, was demonstrated for visual similarity in serial recall for the first time.

Conclusions:

  • Visual similarity significantly impacts serial recall, mirroring effects of phonological similarity.
  • Findings support the existence of separate, domain-specific memory systems for visual and phonological information.
  • The results are consistent with computational models of serial-order recall, suggesting shared underlying mechanisms for processing sequence information.