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Vascular Prostheses Based on Nanofibers from Aliphatic Copolyamide.

P V Popryadukhin1,2, G I Popov3, I P Dobrovolskaya4,5

  • 1Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology
|January 2, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Electrospun copolymer nanofiber tubes show promise as vascular grafts. These biocompatible materials support cell growth and demonstrate long-term patency in vivo, indicating potential for vascular repair.

Keywords:
Abdominal aortaAliphatic copolyamideEndothelial cellsNanofibersVascular prosthesis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Vascular grafts are crucial for treating cardiovascular diseases.
  • Developing synthetic grafts with appropriate mechanical properties and biocompatibility remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize tubular vascular grafts using electrospun copolymer nanofibers.
  • To evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility and in vivo performance of these nanofiber grafts.

Main Methods:

  • Copolymer of ε-caprolactam and hexamethylendiaminadipate nanofibers were produced via electrospinning.
  • Mechanical properties (strength, elongation, burst pressure) were tested.
  • Cytotoxicity, mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, and proliferation were assessed in vitro.
  • Grafts were implanted into rat abdominal aortas for in vivo evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Nanofiber grafts exhibited significant tensile strength (6.2-7.5 MPa) and high elongation (133-299%).
  • The grafts demonstrated a high burst pressure (10 kPa) and were non-cytotoxic.
  • In vivo studies showed endothelialization within 30 days and no stenosis or dilatation after 14 months.

Conclusions:

  • Electrospun copolymer nanofiber tubes are mechanically robust and biocompatible.
  • These nanofiber grafts show excellent long-term patency and tissue integration in a large animal model.
  • The developed materials hold significant potential for vascular tissue engineering applications.