Developmental Milestones

Area of Science:

• Pediatrics
• Developmental Neuroscience
• Neonatology

Background:

• Preterm birth is a leading cause of childhood neurodevelopmental disabilities, with severity inversely related to gestational age.
• Children born preterm have higher incidences of visual and hearing impairments compared to term-born children.
• Elevated risks for cognitive and behavioral disabilities necessitate vigilant developmental assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of using corrected age for developmental assessments in preterm infants.
• To emphasize the need for focused attention on sensory function in preterm children.
• To underscore the benefits of early identification and intervention for developmental delays.

Main Methods:

• Observational studies (Level C evidence) were the basis for these recommendations.
• Developmental assessments were considered in the context of corrected age (from due date) for the first 24–36 months.
• Clinical vigilance for sensory, cognitive, and behavioral impairments was advised.

Main Results:

• Neurodevelopmental disability is inversely correlated with gestational age at birth.
• Corrected age is recommended for comparing preterm children's performance to developmental norms up to 36 months.
• Preterm children exhibit higher rates of visual and hearing impairments.

Conclusions:

• Early identification of developmental delays in preterm infants facilitates timely referral to therapeutic services.
• Children receiving early intervention demonstrate improved progress in developmental milestones.
• Close monitoring and appropriate assessment strategies are vital for optimizing outcomes in children born preterm.