Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

37.6K
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
37.6K
Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

43.9K
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
43.9K
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

30.4K
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
30.4K
Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

Regulation of Hormone Secretion

6.5K
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
6.5K
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding01:13

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Assumption with Protein Binding

378
Physiological models with protein binding in pharmacokinetics offer a sophisticated approach to understanding drug disposition. These models consider drug-protein interactions, enabling them to effectively predict drug concentrations in different organs and tissues. This precision aids in accurate drug dosing, providing a significant advantage over conventional models. A key process within these models is equilibration, which ensures that drug concentrations achieve a steady state within the...
378
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

502
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
502

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Estimating the Early Transmission Inhibition of New Treatment Regimens for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2025
Same author

Pretomanid with bedaquiline and linezolid for drug-resistant TB: a comparison of prospective cohorts.

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2021
Same author

A partially randomised trial of pretomanid, moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide for pulmonary TB.

The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease·2021
Same author

Gender differences in tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a post hoc analysis of the REMoxTB study.

BMC medicine·2018
Same author

Efficacy and safety of sibutramine for weight loss in obese patients with hypertension well controlled by beta-adrenergic blocking agents: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised trial.

Journal of human hypertension·2002
Same author

Effect of moderate weight loss on health-related quality of life: an analysis of combined data from 4 randomized trials of sibutramine vs placebo.

The American journal of managed care·2001
Same journal

Sex Hormones & Exercise in the Musculoskeletal System: From Signaling to Structure and Function.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same journal

DAX-1 in sex determination and gonadal development: revisiting the anti-testis hypothesis.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same journal

Regulators of Appetite in Mammals - Old and New players.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same journal

Endometriosis-associated Pain: Mechanism, Neuroimmune Signature, and Translational Precision Strategies.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same journal

Nuclear Receptors Shape Sepsis Pathophysiology.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same journal

Beyond aldosterone and renin: emerging biomarkers for diagnosing and subtyping primary aldosteronism.

Endocrine reviews·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

A Hormone-responsive 3D Culture Model of the Human Mammary Gland Epithelium
08:24

A Hormone-responsive 3D Culture Model of the Human Mammary Gland Epithelium

Published on: February 7, 2016

8.2K

The free hormone hypothesis: a physiologically based mathematical model.

C M Mendel1

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Institute, Liver Center, San Francisco, California.

Endocrine Reviews
|August 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The free hormone hypothesis, linking hormone activity to unbound plasma levels, is reviewed. Its validity depends on tissue uptake steps, with potential applicability across various hormones and tissues.

More Related Videos

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

6.1K
Author Spotlight: Computing the Effects of a Local Radiofrequency Hyperthermia Intervention on Tumor Biomechanics
10:23

Author Spotlight: Computing the Effects of a Local Radiofrequency Hyperthermia Intervention on Tumor Biomechanics

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

A Hormone-responsive 3D Culture Model of the Human Mammary Gland Epithelium
08:24

A Hormone-responsive 3D Culture Model of the Human Mammary Gland Epithelium

Published on: February 7, 2016

8.2K
Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

6.1K
Author Spotlight: Computing the Effects of a Local Radiofrequency Hyperthermia Intervention on Tumor Biomechanics
10:23

Author Spotlight: Computing the Effects of a Local Radiofrequency Hyperthermia Intervention on Tumor Biomechanics

Published on: December 1, 2023

1.3K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Hormone activity is influenced by plasma concentrations.
  • The free hormone hypothesis posits that unbound hormone levels dictate biological activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mathematical and physiological principles of the free hormone hypothesis.
  • To assess the experimental data supporting or refuting the hypothesis.
  • To determine the conditions under which the free hormone hypothesis is valid.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental mathematical and physiological principles.
  • Analysis of experimental data on hormone uptake and activity.
  • Evaluation of rate-limiting steps in tissue hormone uptake.

Main Results:

  • The validity of the free hormone hypothesis is contingent on the rate-limiting step in tissue hormone uptake (e.g., plasma flow, dissociation, influx, intracellular elimination).
  • The hypothesis can remain valid even if uptake involves protein-bound hormone pools.
  • Much data previously seen as contradictory is consistent with the hypothesis upon full understanding.

Conclusions:

  • The free hormone hypothesis is not universally applicable to all hormones in all tissues.
  • It is likely valid for thyroid hormones, cortisol, and vitamin D metabolites across all tissues.
  • Its validity varies for other steroid hormones depending on the tissue (e.g., liver), and may not apply to progesterone.