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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics
  • Zebrafish models

Background:

  • Morpholino oligonucleotides (MOs) are widely used for gene knockdown in zebrafish.
  • Recent gene editing studies have raised questions about the reliability of MOs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the discordance between gene editing and MO-based gene function studies in zebrafish.
  • To advocate for revised guidelines in zebrafish research.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of phenotypes from gene-edited zebrafish and MO-injected zebrafish.
  • Literature review of recent gene editing studies in zebrafish.

Main Results:

  • Significant discordance observed between mutant phenotypes and MO-induced phenotypes.
  • MOs may not accurately reflect the in vivo function of genes.

Conclusions:

  • Morpholino oligonucleotides should not be used as a standalone tool for gene function studies in zebrafish.
  • Defined zebrafish mutants are essential for reliable gene function assessment.