Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

1.3K
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
1.3K
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

912
IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
912
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

456
Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
456
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

425
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
425
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

989
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
989
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

567
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
567

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Emergency mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in cardiogenic shock due to papillary muscle rupture.

Journal of cardiology cases·2026
Same author

Echocardiographic correlates of pressure-volume-derived indices: Advancing intraoperative assessment of right ventricular function.

JTCVS open·2026
Same author

Leveraging Digital Technologies to Establish a Perioperative Ultrasound Program.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same author

Beyond the 30-day metric: National trends and predictors of 90-day readmission after coronary artery bypass grafting.

American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice·2026
Same author

Urgent Transcatheter Edge-To-Edge Mitral Valve Repair in Cardiogenic Shock: A Case Series.

A&A practice·2026
Same author

Peak Gradients and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Area in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy:A 3-Dimensional Echocardiography Study.

Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia·2026
Same journal

Chronic Preoperative B-blocker Therapy and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Elective Ascending Aortic Surgery.

Annals of cardiac anaesthesia·2026
Same journal

Thrombocytopenia After Cardiac Surgery: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Annals of cardiac anaesthesia·2026
Same journal

Effect of Albumin Concentration and Timing on Acute Kidney Injury After Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Annals of cardiac anaesthesia·2026
Same journal

Early Postoperative Complications and Risk Assessment in Cardiac Surgery: A Cohort Study.

Annals of cardiac anaesthesia·2026
Same journal

Efficacy of Preincisional Ultrasound Guided Pecto-intercostal Fascial Plane Block with Ropivacaine and Fentanyl in Patients Undergoing Open Heart Surgery by Median Sternotomy - A Prospective Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Study.

Annals of cardiac anaesthesia·2026
Same journal

Incidence and Associated Factors of ST-Segment Changes in Noncardiac Surgery Under General Anesthesia.

Annals of cardiac anaesthesia·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

4.6K

Dynamic changes in the ischemic mitral annulus: Implications for ring sizing.

Khurram Owais, Mario Montealegre-Gallegos, Jelliffe Jeganathan1

  • 1Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia
|January 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The inter-trigonal distance of the mitral annulus shows minimal change during the cardiac cycle, even in patients with ischemic mitral regurgitation. This finding supports its use as a stable benchmark for annuloplasty ring sizing in mitral valve surgery.

More Related Videos

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

7.7K
Standardized Rat Coronary Ring Preparation and Real-Time Recording of Dynamic Tension Changes Along Vessel Diameter
07:53

Standardized Rat Coronary Ring Preparation and Real-Time Recording of Dynamic Tension Changes Along Vessel Diameter

Published on: June 16, 2022

4.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

4.6K
An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

7.7K
Standardized Rat Coronary Ring Preparation and Real-Time Recording of Dynamic Tension Changes Along Vessel Diameter
07:53

Standardized Rat Coronary Ring Preparation and Real-Time Recording of Dynamic Tension Changes Along Vessel Diameter

Published on: June 16, 2022

4.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Cardiac Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • The mitral annulus (MA) dimensions change dynamically during the cardiac cycle.
  • Inter-trigonal distance (ITD) is considered a relatively static feature of the MA.
  • Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) causes significant dilation and flattening of the MA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate mitral annular geometry changes in patients with IMR.
  • To specifically analyze the dynamic changes in ITD during the cardiac cycle in IMR patients.
  • To validate the stability of ITD compared to other annular dimensions.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic analysis of intraoperative 3D transesophageal echocardiographic data.
  • Inclusion of 26 patients with normal MVs and 36 patients with IMR.
  • Utilized Philips Qlab® software for quantitative measurements.

Main Results:

  • Both normal and IMR mitral annuli showed significant changes in annular area (AA) during the cardiac cycle.
  • Anteroposterior and anterolateral-posteromedial diameters increased with systole in both groups.
  • Inter-trigonal distance exhibited the least percentage change, demonstrating reduced dynamism validated in both cohorts.

Conclusions:

  • Mitral annular dimensions in regurgitant valves are dynamic.
  • Echocardiography allows feasible and accurate measurement of annular dimensions.
  • The echocardiographically measured inter-trigonal distance remains significantly stable throughout the cardiac cycle.