Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 27, 2026
05:45
Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions
Published on: January 7, 2019
12.5K
Spatial correlativity of atmospheric particulate components simultaneously collected in Japan
Kunihiro Funasaka1, Daichi Asakawa2, Yuichiro Oku3
1Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, 8-34 Tojo-cho, Tennoji, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan. k-funasaka@city.osaka.lg.jp.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|January 13, 2016
Summary
Atmospheric particulate matter in Japan showed significant long-range transport, especially ionic species and carbons. However, sulfate sources may differ from carbonaceous particulates, and metallic components indicate both regional and local pollution influences.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Atmospheric Chemistry
- Geochemistry
Background:
- Total suspended particles (TSP) were collected nationwide in Japan.
- Understanding the geographical distribution and chemical composition of TSP is crucial for air quality management.
- Previous studies have not extensively analyzed long-range transport of TSP components over large distances.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the spatial correlativity of particulate matter composition across Japan.
- To investigate the geographical distribution and chemical composition of atmospheric particulate components.
- To identify the sources and transport pathways of particulate matter, including long-range transport from East Asia.
Main Methods:
- Simultaneous sampling of TSP at 14 sites in Japan (July 2008-June 2009).
- Spatial correlativity analysis of particulate composition towards Osaka.
- Factor analysis to assess spatial dispersion and relationships among chemical components.
Main Results:
- Significant spatial correlations were found for ionic species and carbonaceous components, indicating shared advection and long-range transport.
- Sulfate ions showed wide dispersion but were not always correlated with carbonaceous particulates, suggesting different emission sources.
- Metallic constituents exhibited varied spatial correlations; Pb and Cd showed wide correlations, Mn was locally correlated, and others indicated local pollution effects.
- Factor analysis implicated 13 out of 19 measured particulate components in long-range transport.
Conclusions:
- Long-range transport significantly influences the chemical composition of atmospheric particulate matter in Japan.
- Ionic species and carbonaceous components are largely transported from East Asia.
- Distinguishing between regional and local sources is essential for effective air pollution control strategies.
- Particulate matter composition provides insights into complex atmospheric processes and emission inventories.
Related Concept Videos
01:17Precipitation and Co-precipitation
5.6K
Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
5.6K
01:25Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods
1.9K
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the...
1.9K
01:03Precipitation Gravimetry
16.1K
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
16.1K
01:20Cluster Sampling Method
15.5K
Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
15.5K
01:23Sampling Plans
1.3K
Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
1.3K
01:12Precipitation Processes
6.5K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
6.5K