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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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Cobalt.

Joseph F Fowler1

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Dermatitis : Contact, Atopic, Occupational, Drug
|January 13, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cobalt, a known allergen causing contact dermatitis, is highlighted as the 2016 "Allergen of the Year" due to new exposure sources. Leather goods and jewelry are now recognized as significant potential exposure sites for this metallic substance.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Toxicology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Cobalt is a well-established allergen responsible for allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Previous understanding of cobalt exposure primarily focused on industrial and occupational settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain why cobalt was designated the 2016 "Allergen of the Year".
  • To review newly identified sources of cobalt exposure.
  • To discuss the role of leather and jewelry in cobalt sensitization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on cobalt allergy.
  • Identification of visual cues for cobalt in jewelry.
  • Introduction of a chemical spot test for cobalt detection.

Main Results:

  • Leather has been identified as a significant, previously under-recognized source of cobalt exposure.
  • Specific visual indicators can suggest the presence of cobalt in jewelry.
  • A new chemical spot test provides a practical method for identifying cobalt in materials.

Conclusions:

  • Increased awareness of cobalt in consumer products like leather and jewelry is crucial.
  • The development of a simple chemical test aids in identifying potential cobalt exposure sources.
  • These findings necessitate a re-evaluation of common exposure pathways for cobalt allergy.