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Spontaneous processes, like a rock falling to the ground or sodium reacting with chlorine, occur without external work and often involve a decrease in the system‘s energy. However, certain endothermic processes, such as the dissolution of sodium chloride in water, occur spontaneously even though they increase the energy of the system. This limitation suggests that the First Law of Thermodynamics, which states that the total energy of a system is constant in an isolated system, cannot...
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Dissipation Bound for Thermodynamic Control.

Benjamin B Machta1

  • 1Lewis-Sigler Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA and Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological and engineered systems utilize energy gradients for function. This study shows that in dissipatively driven systems, entropy production must exceed generalized displacement, a measure of directed movement through thermodynamic space.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Biological and engineered systems couple function to heat/particle transfer down gradients.
  • Idealized systems allow reversible thermodynamic control with no entropy production if slow enough.
  • Realizable systems often rely on dissipation for directionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate entropy production in realizable, entropically driven systems.
  • To establish a relationship between entropy production and system displacement in directed thermodynamic processes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of systems where control parameters acquire directionality through dissipation.
  • Utilizing the Fisher information metric to quantify generalized displacement in thermodynamic space.

Main Results:

  • Entropically driven systems must produce entropy on average, exceeding their generalized displacement.
  • The Fisher information metric, used for displacement, is subextensive.
  • Slowing the protocol rate does not reduce this fundamental entropy production.

Conclusions:

  • Directed movement in thermodynamic space for realizable systems inherently involves irreversible entropy production.
  • The Fisher information metric provides a fundamental lower bound on entropy production relative to system displacement.
  • These findings have implications for understanding efficiency and limits in biological and artificial systems.