Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

15.1K
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension...
15.1K
Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

827
Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
827
Operant Conditioning Intervention01:24

Operant Conditioning Intervention

640
Operant conditioning serves as a foundational principle in therapeutic interventions aimed at modifying maladaptive behaviors. Central to this approach is the notion that behaviors, both adaptive and maladaptive, are learned through reinforcement. By analyzing the environmental factors that reinforce problematic behaviors, clinicians can design interventions to weaken these reinforcements and replace maladaptive behaviors with healthier alternatives.
In operant conditioning, behaviors that are...
640
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

3.7K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
3.7K
Persuasion Strategies01:52

Persuasion Strategies

43.9K
Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
43.9K
Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

937
Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
937

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Large cities lose their growth advantage as countries urbanize.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Distinct pulmonary pathophysiological mechanisms in COPD, bronchiectasis, and primary immunodeficiency: a multi-omics investigation of disease heterogeneity via sputum and blood profiling.

Respiratory research·2026
Same author

Multi-Omic Profiling Reveals Immune Cell Priming Signature Linked to Lupus Prognosis.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Revisiting big data optimism: risks of data-driven black box algorithms for society.

Ethics and information technology·2026
Same author

Dynamic calibration of low-cost PM<sub>2.5</sub> sensors using trust-based consensus mechanisms.

NPJ climate and atmospheric science·2025
Same author

Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients.

NPJ vaccines·2025
Same journal

A comparative approach to the evolution of kissing.

Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society·2026
Same journal

Cynicism among friends accuracy and bias in cynicism judgments.

Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society·2026
Same journal

Using inclusive fitness and eco-evolutionary theory to model cultural evolution.

Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society·2025
Same journal

A field guide for teaching evolution in the social sciences.

Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society·2024
Same journal

Evidence from hunter-gatherer and subsistence agricultural populations for the universality of contagion sensitivity.

Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society·2024
Same journal

Cross-cultural variation in the development of folk ecological reasoning.

Evolution and human behavior : official journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society·2024
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
09:00

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

4.6K

Sustained cooperation by running away from bad behavior.

Charles Efferson1, Carlos P Roca2, Sonja Vogt1

  • 1Department of Economics, University of Zurich.

Evolution and Human Behavior : Official Journal of the Human Behavior and Evolution Society
|January 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cooperation can evolve even with limited information if individuals can move to avoid defectors. This simple option allows cooperators to find each other and maintain beneficial mutual cooperation.

Keywords:
Behavioral experimentEvolution of cooperationMigrationPositive assortment

More Related Videos

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

8.0K
Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 27, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
09:00

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

4.6K
A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

8.0K
Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Behavioral economics
  • Game theory

Background:

  • Cooperation requires mechanisms to limit exposure of cooperators to defectors.
  • Disagreements persist regarding evolutionary mechanisms explaining human cooperation.
  • The role of informational regularity in enabling cooperators to avoid defectors is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cooperators can avoid defectors with limited explicit information.
  • To determine if the option to move influences the persistence of cooperation.
  • To examine how movement under uncertainty affects assortative interactions and payoff disadvantages.

Main Methods:

  • A behavioral experiment was conducted.
  • Participants were given the option to move between neighborhoods at any time.
  • Information about neighborhood behavior and exploitation risk was intentionally limited.

Main Results:

  • The simple option to move allowed cooperation to persist long-term.
  • Movement, despite uncertainty, facilitated positive assortment among cooperators.
  • Movement eliminated the payoff disadvantage typically associated with cooperation.

Conclusions:

  • The ability to move, even with limited information, can sustain cooperation.
  • Movement can reorganize selective forces driving the evolution of cooperation.
  • Limited information movement strategies can overcome exploitation risks.