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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Sandfly virus seroconversion associated with neurologic presentation.

Chen Makranz1, Hiba Qutteineh1, Hanna Bin1

  • 1Departments of Neurology (C.M., A.H., T.B.-H., R.E.), Pediatrics (H.Q., D.A.), Radiology (J.M.G.), Medicine (A.E.-R.B.), and Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (A.E.M., R.N.-P.), Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; and Israel Central Virology Lab (H.B., Y.L.), Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sandfly virus (SFV) infections can cause severe neurologic disease, including myelitis and basal ganglia involvement, contrary to previous assumptions of benign outcomes. Early inclusion in differential diagnoses is crucial for febrile neurologic presentations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology

Background:

  • Sandfly virus (SFV) infections are typically considered to cause mild neurological illness.
  • Limited data exists on the specific clinical presentation and neurological manifestations of SFV in the Jerusalem region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical presentation and unique neurological manifestations of sandfly virus infections.
  • To investigate the spectrum of SFV-associated neurological pathology in a specific geographic area.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical and imaging data from patients with acute SFV seroconversion.
  • Patient identification at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Centers between 2008-2013.

Main Results:

  • Nine patients (1.5-85 years) presented with acute neurological disease, including fever, altered consciousness, seizures, meningitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, and myelitis.
  • MRI revealed symmetrical basal ganglia and thalamic involvement in 5 patients and spinal cord myelitis in 3.
  • Of 7 patients with follow-up, 4 recovered fully, while 3 experienced neurological sequelae, including one with severe permanent brain damage.

Conclusions:

  • Acute SFV infections can lead to significant neurological pathology, including myelitis and symmetrical deep gray matter involvement, challenging the notion of benign outcomes.
  • SFV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile neurological conditions with characteristic neuroradiological findings.